The topic of nutrition of the elderly

The topic of nourishment of the meter-wornThe purpose of this literary works followup is to research the topic of victuals of the senior(a), and to discuss my findings. I leave alone be researching this subject using tools much(prenominal) as athens, and using websites such as google scholar, ovid and inter hold back. I take in elect to use articles and refreshens from the past ten years as I have they will mold the most up to date nursing apprehension techniques and the most reliable research into the subject. feed of the elderly is an important knowledge base of nursing c ar and should not be taken lightly. It is important in nursing apportion to assess patients comestible, as if taken c argon of it tolerate optimize the planetary well being of the patient. Malnutrition is the main worry when centre on elderly patients nutrition, as 40 to 60% of older adults who ar hospitalized are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. This statistic is rather high, signif i washbowlce that the indemnify nursing practise is not always used. In this review I will be facial expression to find the reasons behind this and how the mete out of these patients give the gate be increased to its full potential.When we look at nutrition we have to consider why it is that elderly patients are so varied compared to everyone else. Many questions arise when we look at this for example do they have polar use uping habits, is there a physiologic problem or even is there a psychological problem. The answers to these questions preempt always be yes in relation to the elderly and we moldiness look just than these general questions, and study the literary productions of the subject to fully become advised of the correct nursing care to correctly assess and treat this problem.A review by Finch et la (1998) shows that a the majority of the elderly population, not requiring hospitalization, are well nourished and have a good inspiration of alone the correct vitam ins, minerals and calories. However what is of much importance in this review is the elderly patients who fall without this category including patients whose nutrition does affect their health and have strong-arm and or mental problems which lower their nutritional recess.A report by COMA (DH, 1999) stated that nutriment deficiencies in the elderly, most noticed in calcium levels and recommended that current practice of fortifying flour with calcium should continue the kindred. That same survey in any case highlighted the low levels of Vitamin D in the elderly which, unneurotic with the low levels of calcium gave concern for the increased incidence of osteoporosis engraft in the elderly population.Another review highlighting deficiency in different areas for the elderly. (Steele et al., 1998) point us to the fact that some elderly patients do not have a good dentition. This obviously can have a massive impact on their nutritional divine guidance and in their filling of foo d and ease or difficulty of eat it. They in any case found that those of the elderly who had their own dentition did have a measurable go nutritional and mineral inhalation than those who did not. Those with poor teeth bunked to eat importantly less fruit, nuts and food generally that was hard to chew, meaning they deep in thought(p) out on snappy natural vitamins and minerals.All of these facts drawn from literature show us that the nutrition of the elderly is an important and special group. I will now look into further literature to show these particular proposition groups in the elderly population which lack of proper nutrition can affect.Malnutrition is a main concern in nursing practise with elderly patients, so when looking at it we must be fully informed of what the precondition means. A review by DiMaria-Ghalil (2005) shows the definition of malnutrition. Any unhinge of nutritional status, including disorders resulting from a deficiency of nutrient intake, impaired nutrient metabolism, or oer-nutrition.Reuben (2005) shows us that malnutrition can be brought on by many things in the elderly population such as dietary intake, isolation, chronic illness, and physiologic changes.The subroutine for the correct nursing care with elderly patients is essential and must be followed for every patient so that no patient is misdiagnosed. During the routine nursing judgement, any and all alterations in the general assessment areas that may influence the patients factors of intake, absorption, or digestion of nutrients should always be further assessed to piddle away genuine if an older patient is at a nutritional risk. These areas embarrass the following.As stated by a review done by the University of Texas, groom of Nursing (2006) a typical assessment should be done including their deport history, past and medical history, and an assessment of their current symptoms.A note of their companionable history should be taken into distinguish.Any dos es the patient may be taking which can interact or affect the patients nutrient intake and absorption. Boullata, J (2004) stated that drugs can affect and modify the nutrient postulate for the metabolism of older people. It also stated that factors such as restrictive diets, changes in eating habits and diet, alcoholism and chronic disorder with long term drug treatments can all affect the nutrient intake and reactions in an elderly patient. The fourth area that should be taken into account is the patients running(a) limitations. Boullata, J (2004) showed that patients with functional limitations can be at risk of malnutrition for many reasons, whether it be a dis king restricting their movement, and even a psychological problem such as dementia which can restrict the patients ability to eat in different forms.Next that will be check out on the nursing assessment will be the objective assessment. This will include a physical examination of the patient with emphasis on things suc h as an oral exam, loss of body fat, dysphagia, bmi and muscle wasting. alike DiMaria-Ghalili (2005) showed that for a to a greater extent in depth idea of the patients dietary intake can be gathered by a documented triad solar day calorie count using a food chart for the patient. This will serving gain some more information for the patients nutrition. also one of the main things used for every patient in hospital which is malnourished or at fear of malnutrition is the nutrition risk assessment tool. Both DiMaria-Ghalili (2005) and Salva, A (2004) go on to state how this tool is vital and very useful at assessing as it hold backs the risk by looking at the patients bmi, history of weight loss, psychological stress, or acute disease and dementia or any other conditions which could affect their dietary intake. By using all these it can help come up with a individual score for the patient, and with this score we can evaluate if the patient is malnourished, and what further action can be taken to benefit the patient. This will include things such as referring the patient to the dietician, and or the speech and language therapist. in that respect are many nursing strategies we can use to make trustworthy that any patient that is malnourished can be assessed and monitored to help meliorate their health and general well being. As I previously famed by Salva, A (2004) referring to the dietician if the patient is at risk for or has under-nutrition. Another useful collaboration for nursing care is to consult the patients medicament and review it for possible drugs that can affect the nutrient interactions. Also consulting with a multidisciplinary team specializing in nutrition can benefit the patients all over care as it is more specific to their contends.There are also methods that the foster can use in the patients daily routine to help the patients efforts in becoming nourished. By alleviating a modify mouth the nurse can help the patient become more unc oerced, and wanting, to take diet and fluids. This can be done by avoiding any foods or tope which can further cause a dry mouth, such as, tobacco, dry and bulky foods, and highly acidic foods. Also to encourage frequent sips of piddle and keeping lips moist will help the patient to become more hydrated and more contented, which, will make them more willing to eat and drink.Margetts, B (2003) also states how important it is to maintain an appropriate nutritional intake for an elderly patient. It goes on to explain how the daily requirements of older adults includes thirty kcal per kg of body weight and 1g of protein per day, with this no more than 30% of calories from fat. It also goes on to explain all requirements will differ depending on the degree of malnutrition and physiological stress the patient is in. A nurse can take this into account when treating a patient in their daily routine by modify the patients oral intake, of which there are many ways of achieving. Souter, S (2003) shows that a patients meal times are important as it will determine how much food the patient has consumed and whether or not they will need assistance with eating from a member of staff. A nurse can go further than this by asking the patients family members to visit during mealtimes making it a more relaxed atmosphere for the patient, meaning they will feel more relaxed and willing to eat, and for those who need help eating, their family members can assist them which may be more comfortable for them. A nurse can also ask the family members to bring in favourite foods of the patients from home to help in the intake of the patient. With foods that they on a regular basis eat and enjoy, the patient will be more likely to portion out in meal times and even snacking betwixt meals, increasing their intake overall. If this is done for a patient the nurse must be aware of the foods the patient likes, and or can handle so that they can confer the patient with what the need and wa nt for their duration in hospital. The nurse can also take into account the nutrients that the patient needs, therefore can send word small and frequent meals which contain these to help to regain and maintain weight. The nurse can also help a patient with their mouth care such as helping patients with their dentures before food is served so they are ready to eat when it arrives.Souter, S (2003) showed that another way to improve meal times is to create a good environment for the patient. By removing things such as withdrawpans, urinals, and sick bowls can help to create a positive and clean place for the patient to eat, so nothing is putt them off or distracting them from their food. Also Souter, S stated that any patients who tend to feel ill during meal times can be administered antiemitics on a schedule that will help to lower and diminish the likelihood of them feeling nauseated during their meal.Shahar, D (2001) also shows that with certain patients who are lively enough to sit in a chair rather than their bed should be placed in such as it is more comfortable for them to eat their meals. The nurse can also create a relaxing atmosphere for patients who needs assistance in eating their meal by sitting at the patients eye level and making eye bear upon during so that they feel they are not just a line of work for the nurse. It is also important for nursing staff not to interrupt patients during meals for drug rounds and procedures as it may distract the patient from their meal and even make them feel, depending on the medication, tired or nauseated which will stop them from eating a sufficient arrive for themselves. Nursing staff can also provide specialised nutritional support for certain patients depending on their requirements. The Nutrition Screening Initiative (2002) states that a patient should be started on nutritional support when they cant or wont eat an adequate amount to benefit themselves. The patient must be reviewed regarding if they a lready use conventionalized nutrition and hydration. This can be done by providing oral supplements to the patient. These supplements are not to replace meals, but to be given during the day between meals as shown by Wilson, M (2002).Also it is stated by American Society of Anaesthesiologists that by placing elderly patients as early in the day as possible for tests or procedures it will decrease the length of time that the patient is nil by mouth and not allowed to eat or drink. Meaning less time is wasted where the patient could have been receiving a nutritional diet and fluids.By looking at all this literature we can see that