Abdominal Aortic Aneursyms Essay

Aneurysms were first described by the 16th century anatomist and physician Vesalius, who believed they were entirely a widening of the vas (Collin et al 2009). An abdominal aneurysm (AAA) is a agent in which the abdominal aorta (a large kin vessel that supplies declination to the abdominal, pelvis and the sink limbs) becomes large and ballooning leading to the discipline of several symptoms. The take aim more(prenominal) bandings occurs in males compared to females. It occurs more frequently in above the age 60. When the aortic aneurysm is larger than size, it is more likely to separate causing life-threating problems. This is a medical collar requiring critical care. This complication is pledge in somewhat 20% of the people change with AAA. Another complication with AAA is aortic dissection in which the inward membrane of the inception vessel prisonbreaks imputable to the intense squeeze causing blood to be fill within the wall of the arteria. The exact display possibility of the disorder has still not been unsounded clearly, but several take a chance factors whitethorn be present including-See more The 3 Types of Satire Essay* high blood pressure* High cholesterol levels* Obesity* emphysema* Genetic factors* Smoking (Albright JL. 2006 & group A Hallett JW. 2008)Individuals stirred with AAA initially may not have any symptoms. Symptoms of the condition commonly develop suddenly due to snarl of the wall or breakage of the innermost wall. Sudden rupture of the abdominal aortic aneurysm, often without prior medical warning, is the thirteenth leading cause of morality in the US (Li, Z 2006). Some of the symptoms that idler develop in AAA complicate- * Abdominal agony (which may be severe, consistent and radiates to the legs, groin and the buttocks land)* Pulsations in the abdomen & palpitations* Nausea and throw up* Anxiety and agitation* Abdominal rigidity* Cold and clammy skin* front end of the abdominal mass* Excrucia ting pain in the limbs and back, when the AAA ruptures* Fatal outcomes in the pillow slip of ruptured AAA(Albright JL. 2006 & Hallett JW. 2008) When the AAA is vitiated in size (less than 5 centimeters), no treatment is required. Antihypertensive may be needed to prevent any bring forward complications from developing. Besides, if the individual has any risk factors that shadower worsen the condition, it needs to be find straightway (such as giving up smoking, weight reduction, lowering cholesterol levels, etc.). bimestrial evaluations have been recommended to ensure that any risk raise be identified and immediately taken care of (Albright JL. 2006 & Hallett JW. 2008). operating room is required if the AAA is larger than 5.5 centimeters in size, as the risk for rupture or dissection is present. The Aneurysmal defect is repaired by inserting a operative graft. This can be performed by two method namely the customary approach or the endovascular approach. In the effect ed approach, general anesthesia is use.A running(a) incision is made below the mammilla b wizard, the aneurysm defect identified, and the graft existent sutured in position. The entire procedure takes about 5 hours and a preventive of at least a week in the hospital is required. The second approach is the endovascular stent transplant in which regional anesthesia is administered and a catheter is introduced through the femoral artery present in the groin region. This catheter contains the stent graft. It is gradually manoeuvre into position using imagery techniques. formerly it is position, the stent graft is opened ensuring a permanent blood flow. The procedure takes about 3 hours can require a stay of about 3 days in the hospital (Albright JL. 2006 & Hallett JW. 2008).Several imaging techniques play a very master(prenominal) role in diagnosing and treating AAA. These hold ultrasound, CT poop outs and angiography. Abdominal ultrasound is one of the preferred examina tions for AAA. Ultrasound of the abdomen is in any case required following convention operating room to monitor the repaired AAA closely. It is usually performed as an initial imaging modality due to several factors including-* Portability* Absence of ionizing actinotherapy* embarrassed costs* Easy availability (Radvany MG. 2006)Angiography involves governing of a strain media into the femoral artery present in the groin region and then taking X-rays to determine the condition of the abdominal aorta. It is very useful sooner conventional and endovascular process for planning. It similarly seems to be very useful in the case of aortic dissection. However, angiography as well carries a some risks including-* Damage to the artery* Hypotension* Infection of blood vessel* Embolism and clot organisation* Bleeding and heart attack (Bentley-Hibbert S. 2007 & Radvany MG. 2006). If the abdominal ultrasound and AAA greater 5 centimeters, than a CT scan of the abdomen is required. The CT scan can better help to plan the surgical intervention as the images provide a lot of tip (including affaire of the nephritic arteries, size of the aneurysm, amount of calcification, charge of wall painting thrombi, etc.). The accuracy of CT scans is said to be 100%. They provide a lot of inside information regarding the size of the aneurysm and also about distal and proximal issues. CT even with contrast media cannot be utilized to study dissection aneurysm or the presence of the extent of mural thrombus.They are also required following endovascular graft surgery for a period of 6 months as a post-procedural follow-up measure (Radvany MG. 2006). magnetic resonance imaging scans of the abdomen are required when the side-effects of the contrast media used in other techniques could be potential damaging to the patient (in case of kidney or liver problems) or when radiation is contra-indicated. The images provide a lot of detail and are accurate. However, MRI cannot be per formed in individuals with cardiac pacemakers. CT and MRI examine also have other advantages including- * Provides details regarding extent of involvement* Determine involvement of major blood vessels (Radvany MG. 2006)Reference constituteAlbright JL. Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Medline Plus. Available at http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000162.htm Accessed October 20, 2012.Bentley-Hibbert S. Aortic angiography. Medline Plus. Available at http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003814.htm Accessed October 26, 2012.Hallett JW. Aneurysms. 2008. The Merck Manual. Available at http//www.merck.com/mmhe/sec03/ch035/ch035b.html Accessed October 26, 2012.Li Z. Effects of blood flow and vessel geometry on wall stress and rupture risk of abdominal aortic aneurysms. journal Of Medical Engineering & applied science serial online. September 200630(5)283-297. Available from Computer Source, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 24, 2012.Radvany MG et al. Abdominal Aortic Aneurys m, Diagnosis. E-Medicine. 2006. Available at http//www.emedicine.com/Radio/topic1.htm Accessed October 24, 2012.Woodrow P. Abdominal aortic aneurysms clinical features, treatment and care. Nursing Standard serial online. dreadful 17, 201125(50)50. Available from Advanced Placement Source, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 24, 2012.